ANTIDIARRHOEAL AND TOXICITY STUDIES ON METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF COMBRETUM HYPOPILINUM DIELS (COMBRETACEAE) IN MICE AND RATS
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT
The plant Combretum hypopilinum has been used in traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the antidiarrhoeal activity and toxicity profile of the methanol leaf extract of Combretum hypopilinum (MECH) in mice and rats. The phytochemical screening was conducted and the oral median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using standard methods. Antidiarrhoeal activity of MECH (250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg) was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, castor oil-induced enteropooling and intestinal motility tests. The probable mechanisms of antidiarrhoeal activity of MECH were investigated following pretreatment with naloxone, prazosin, yohimbine, propranolol, pilocarpine and isosorbide dinitrate. For the sub-acute toxicity study, the extract was orally administered to rats daily for 28-days at the doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg. Mortality and weekly body weight were observed. The animals were sacrificed on the 29th day and blood samples were collected into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and plain bottles to analyse haematological and biochemical parameters. The liver, kidney, heart, lung, small intestine, and stomach were removed and their relative organ weight was determined. The organs were examined for histopathological changes. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenes and alkaloids. The oral LD50 was higher than 5,000 mg/kg in mice and rats. The extract at the dose of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg significantly (p˂0.05) reduced the number of diarrhoea stools, intestinal fluid volume (p˂0.05 and p˂0.01) and charcoal movement (p˂0.05 and p˂0.001) respectively. The pretreatment of the animals with naloxone, prazosin and propranolol each significantly (p˂0.01) reduced the antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract by increasing the charcoal movement. However, pretreatment of the animals with yohimbine, pilocarpine and isosorbide dinitrate did not significantly (p>0.05) change the antidiarrhoeal activity of the vi MECH. The extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg significantly (p˂0.05) reduced the body weights of the animals in the first and second week. There was significant (p˂0.05 and p˂0.01) reduction in relative kidney weight at the dose of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg. The extract significantly reduced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) p˂0.01 (500mg/kg) and p˂0.001 (1,000 mg/kg), glucose p˂0.01 (1,000 mg/kg), potassium (p˂0.01, p˂0.001 and p˂0.001), and low density-lipoprotein (LDL) p˂0.01 (250 mg/kg), p˂0.001 (500 mg/kg) and p˂0.05 (1,000 mg/kg). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration. There was a significant (p˂0.05) increase in the percentage of eosinophils, basophils and monocytes and an increase in granulocyte (p˂0.01) at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg. The extract significantly (p˂0.01) increased the platelet levels at a dose of 500 mg/kg. There were histopathological abnormalities on the kidney, lung, stomach, and small intestine. The MECH possesses antidiarrhoeal activity possibly through its interaction with opioidergic and (α1 and β)- adrenergic systems. The extract is relatively safe on acute exposure but moderately toxic at higher doses on sub-acute administration particularly to the kidney.
Related Project Materials
EFFECTS OF WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF USED CRANKCASE OIL ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS
ABSTRACT
Used crankcase oil is disposed off indiscriminately and it eventually finds its way into the aquatic environment resulting in su...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CNN AND AL JAZEERA’S COVERAGE OF THE PALESTINIANISRAELI CONFLICT OF 2014
ABSTRACT
This study analysed the published broadcast transcripts of CNN International and Aljazeera English to find out if both news outl...
EVALUATION OF USER’S PERCEPTION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ATTRIBUTES OF ICONIC BUILDINGS TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN OFFICE COMPLEX ABUJA NIGERIA
ABSTRACTS
Many countries has remain relevant in the geographical world through the architectural product associated with it. Iconic build...
AN APPRAISAL OF THE TORTIOUS LIABILITY OF TRADE UNIONS IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study aims at appraising the Tortious Liability of Trade Unions in Nigeria in relation to the existing laws such as Trade U...
THE INFLUENCE OF STRESS ON WORK BEHAVIOR AMONG NURSES
Abstract
Occupational stress can no longer be considered an occasional, personal problem to be remedied with palliatives...
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS IN VOCATIONAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT
ABSTRACT: This study investigates the effectiveness of industry partnerships in vocational...
IMPACT OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT ON JOURNALISM PRACTICE: A STUDY OF JOURNALISM PRACTICE IN UYO COMMUNITY- FROM JANUARY TO JUNE 2013.
Abstract
This project on ― impact of Freedom of Information Act: A study of journalism practices in Uyo community – from January to...
THE ROLE OF TEACHERS IN THE UP-BRINGING OF STUDENTS IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
Abstract
The major aim of this project work is to the role of teachers in the upbringing of students in...
AN ASSESSMENT OF USER SATISFACTION WITH PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) PROJECTS IN SELECTED UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITALS
ABSTRACT
Government at all levels are forced to prioritise and restrict public expenditures due to budget deficits and the inefficient ma...
THE IMPACT OF SCAFFOLDING IN CHILDREN LEARNING OUTCOMES
Abstract: This study explores the concept of scaffolding in early childhood education (ECE) and its impact o...
